The Forbidden City was the symbolize of the kingship of emperor. The Qianqing Gate is the boundary of "the outer court" and "the imperial palace" of the Forbidden City. They were the residence of the queen and princess, and the place where the emperor dealing with everyday concerns.
The building style of the front part in these palaces presents the emperor's supreme, solemn, dignified, glorious and majestic kingship, while the building style in the back part is lively which has many small gardens, study rooms, pavilions and rockeries.
It is the place for the residence and the day-to-day public affairs of Ming and Qing emperors in the Forbidden City. The highest technical and artistic achievements of Chinese official architecture, conveyed by wooden structures, are preserved in an authentic way, and traditional craftsmanship is inherited.
Various components of the Palaces bearing witness to the court culture of the Ming and Qing dynasties are retained, reflecting the lifestyle and values of the royal family of the times. The Imperial Palace of the Qing Dynasty in Shenyang genuinely preserves the historical arrangement of Manchu palace buildings, the style and features of local buildings and information on the exchange between Manchu and Han nationalities in lifestyle in the 17th and 18th centuries.
After the collapse of the Qing dynasty, the two palace complexes were declared by the state as the Palace Museums in and respectively. In , they were among the first group of the State Priority Protected Sites designated by the State Council, and were repaired and protected according to the conservation principles of cultural relics. As a result, all the main buildings and majority of ancillary buildings have remained intact.
All of these laws and regulations have detailed prescription on the protection of the settings of the Imperial Palaces, providing legal, institutional and managerial guarantee to the maximal protection of the authenticity and integrity of the property, and ensuring a better safeguarding of this outstanding cultural heritage site for all human beings. In future, integrated protection of the values of the Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties will be conducted through implementing and improving the conservation management plan, adhering to the conservation principle of minimal intervention, and improving the scientific and technological measures, so as to ensure the sustainable protection of the authenticity and integrity of the property.
All the regulations concerning the protection and management of the Imperial Palaces should be strictly implemented, and the number of tourists, especially in the Forbidden City, should be effectively controlled, so as to reduce the negative impact on the property. The protection of the setting should be strengthened, especially that of the Imperial Palace of the Qing Dynasty in Shenyang. The needs of the stakeholders should be coordinated to maintain the rational and effective balance between the protection of the Imperial Palaces and the development of tourism and urban construction.
The research on interpretation and promotion should be enhanced to better showcase the scientific, historic and artistic values of the Palaces to tourists from home and abroad and provide spiritual enlightenment and enjoyment to people, in order to give play to the social and cultural benefits of the Imperial Palaces in a reasonable way, and promote the sustainability of the protection of the Imperial Palaces within the context of the development of the cities.
About us. Special themes. Major programmes. For the Press. Only in the vast imperial palace complex of the Forbidden City "could I imagine that the city surrounding it was unchanged," Kidd wrote in his memoir "Peking Story. The Forbidden City, which turns this year, was carefully designed to conjure such an illusion.
It is the world's largest palace complex, covering more than 7. The fortress-like design was intended to protect the emperor, but also to emphasize his pre-eminence: The emperor was, after all, heaven's representative on Earth and, in its scale, majesty and separateness, his palace was built to ensure that neither his subjects, nor foreign visitors, ever forgot that.
Despite its monumental scale and central importance in Chinese history, however, the Forbidden City's continuing presence at the heart of the country's capital has been a story of survival against the odds. Fires, wars and power struggles have all threatened the imperial complex during the last six centuries.
Even as recently as the midth century, the fate of the Forbidden City looked far from secure. After taking control of China in , the country's communist rulers engaged in fierce debate over this vast area at the center of Beijing. Twenty-four emperors had taken the throne there over the course of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the palace's history and design made it an obvious symbol of the iniquities of feudal rule that the Chinese Communist Party had railed against, and an obstacle to its vision of a new socialist capital.
Yet the Forbidden City survived waves of drastic alterations made to Beijing's architectural layout in the s and 60s, in spite of Communist Party leader Mao Zedong's disdain for old buildings and other remnants of China's imperial past -- as well as suggestions by others in the leadership that the palace should be turned into central government offices. In these first decades of communist rule, Beijing's centuries-old walls were pulled down to build an underground subway system, while historic ministries and imperial archives in front of Tiananmen, or the "Gate of Heavenly Peace," just to the south of the Forbidden City were razed to lay a vast granite square.
Between the square and the gate, old archways were torn down, and a broad highway was built in their place. There is no single reason why the Forbidden City escaped this period of razing and rebuilding, though the cost of redeveloping such a sizable area, combined with the absence of a coherent plan for what would replace it, both played a role.
But it was just the latest chapter in an unlikely tale of survival. Ancient design principles. The Forbidden City is, today, synonymous with Beijing, but its story actually begins in a city almost 1, kilometers miles to its south: Nanjing. It appeared that Nanjing would remain China's capital for as long as the Ming were in charge, and when Zhu Yuanzhang died, his grandson and chosen successor continued to rule from the city.
However, one of Zhu Yuanzhang's sons, Zhu Di, who established a power base in Beijing, had other ideas. In the summer of , after a three-year conflict between Zhu Di and the emperor, the imperial palace in Nanjing was razed by fire, apparently killing the emperor and his family.
Zhu Di claimed the throne for himself, becoming known as the Yongle Emperor and establishing Beijing as the national capital. There he built an imperial palace to dwarf that of his predecessor to the south. The Forbidden City, as it would later become known, was completed in , and required a workforce of hundreds of thousands, using materials from across the country: precious timber from Sichuan in China's far southwest; fine gold leaf from Suzhou, near Shanghai; clay bricks from Shandong to the east.
Though the marble came from a quarry only 31 miles 50 kilometers west of Beijing, some of the largest pieces were so heavy that they could only be transported during the winter, when water was poured onto the road to create an icy surface across which the stone could slide -- when pulled by a team of thousands.
Decorative elements on the roof of a building in the Forbidden City. The Forbidden City's original architects drew design principles from the second-century B. Symmetry was crucial, with a city's boundaries marked by a square wall. She moved out when she became the empress dowager upon the death of her husband Emperor Xianfeng reign time In fact, the Palace for Gathered Elegance was for ordinary concubines of the Ming emperors.
Its status rose in importance especially due to Cixi. Cixi exercised power from behind the throne by her dominating influence over a weak emperor. She spent a huge amount of money upon the refurbishment and decoration, making it the most luxurious for the celebration of her 50th birthday in The last owner was the last empress of the Qing Dynasty, Wan Rong.
She moved there after her marriage to Emperor Xuantong also known as Puyi. In an autumn day of when Wan Rong and Puyi were quietly conversing here, they were driven from the Forbidden City by the National Revolutionary Army. The back hall, Lijingxuan, has an opera stage where Puyi once held western style banquets.
Palace of Eternal Longevity was repaired several times but retained its layout as when first built in the Ming Dynasty.
0コメント