Reviewed by: KidsHealth Medical Experts. Larger text size Large text size Regular text size. Parts of the Urinary Tract You drink, you pee. The urinary tract is a pathway that includes the: kidneys: two bean-shaped organs that filter waste from the blood and produce urine ureters: two thin tubes that take pee from the kidney to the bladder bladder: a sac that holds pee until it's time to go to the bathroom urethra: the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body when you pee The kidneys are key players in the urinary tract.
Urine contains: water urea, a waste product that forms when proteins are broken down urochrome, a pigmented blood product that gives urine its yellowish color salts creatinine, a waste product that forms with the normal breakdown of muscle byproducts of bile from the liver ammonia You've Got to Go! Urinary Tract Health You might not think much about peeing or your urinary tract, but here's how you can help keep everything flowing as it should: Drink enough fluids.
There's no magic amount, but be sure to drink plenty of water, especially when it's warm out or you're exercising and playing. For girls: Wipe from front to back, especially after going poop. Because of where the urethra is for girls, it's easy for bacteria from poop to get in that area. If some of those bacteria end up in the urinary tract, you could get an infection known as a UTI urinary tract infection.
For everyone: Go to the bathroom when you need to go. When the prostate becomes enlarged, it can block the flow of urine out of your bladder. This can leave you unable to fully empty your bladder, even after urination.
People with heart problems, high blood pressure, or poor kidney function often take medications that are called diuretics. Diuretics pull extra fluid out of the blood stream and move it into the kidney.
Taking diuretics may cause you to urinate more frequently. Some common diuretics include:. Alcohol and caffeine can both have diuretic effects, causing you to urinate more than usual. Learn more: The effects of caffeine on the body ». Drinking large amounts of water during the day can also increase your urine output and frequency. You may have an underlying medical condition such as an overactive bladder.
This can be treated. Other symptoms that merit a call to your doctor are:. Your treatment will depend on which condition is causing your symptoms. If your symptoms are caused by a medical condition, treating the condition may help. For example, if you have diabetes, managing your blood sugar should reduce your need to urinate. This test may also be done if you have polyuria abnormally large volumes of urine , such as is seen in people with diabetes insipidus.
The normal range for hour urine volume is to 2, milliliters per day with a normal fluid intake of about 2 liters per day. The examples above are common measurements for results of these tests. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results. Disorders that cause reduced urine volume include dehydration, not enough fluid intake, or some types of chronic kidney disease.
Some of the conditions that cause increased urine volume include:. Landry DW, Bazari H. Approach to the patient with renal disease. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; chap Verbalis JG. Disorders of water balance. These and other weighty scientific questions have been answered by researchers who were honoured this week with an Ig Nobel Prize, an award presented to them at Harvard, by Nobel Laureates no less, for wacky research.
Among them was Diallah Karim, a Canadian who worked with a team of doctors in the U. Studying a sample of patients at hospital in the U. Even better, it sounds like a test you can do at home. Justin Schmidt, another Ig Nobel recipient, received his prize for developing the Schmidt Sting Pain Index, a scale that ranks how much pain people feel when stung by various insects. However, the most painful discovery might have actually been made by Michael Smith, another winner.
He had honey bees sting him repeatedly on 25 different parts of his body to learn what the most painful locations where — the nostril, upper lip and, surprise, surprise, penis. According to the website of Improbable Research, which runs the show, the scientists are not quite sure why. PHYSICS: to a team who watched animals pee to figure out that humans and most other mammals take about 21 seconds to pee give or take 13 seconds. Smaller creatures are slightly more challenged.
It takes them longer because their urine comes out in single drops. Inspired by the legend of Moulay Ismael the Bloodthirsty , who ruled Morocco and reportedly had children, these mathematicians developed a computer model to figure out how often a man would have to have sex to have sons he killed all his daughters in 32 years.
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