In , Spanish King Alfonso XIII authorized elections to decide the government of Spain, and voters overwhelmingly chose to abolish the monarchy in favor of a liberal republic. Alfonso went into exile, and the Second Republic, initially dominated by middle-class liberals and moderate socialists, was proclaimed. During the first two years of the Republic, organized labor and leftist radicals forced widespread liberal reforms, and the independence-minded region of Catalonia and the Basque provinces achieved virtual autonomy.
The landed aristocracy, the church and a large military clique opposed the Republic, and in November conservative forces regained control of the government in elections. In response, socialists launched a revolution in the mining districts of Asturias, and Catalan nationalists rebelled in Barcelona.
General Franco crushed the so-called October Revolution on behalf of the conservative government, and in he was appointed army chief of staff. In February , new elections brought the Popular Front, a leftist coalition, to power, and Franco, a strict monarchist, was sent to an obscure command in the Canary Islands off Africa. Fearing that the liberal government would give way to Marxist revolution, army officers conspired to seize power. After a period of hesitation, Franco agreed to join the military conspiracy, which was scheduled to begin in Morocco at 5 a.
On the afternoon of July 17, the plan for the next morning was discovered in the Moroccan town of Melilla, and the rebels were forced into premature action. Melilla, Ceuta, and Tetuan were soon in the hands of the Nationalists, who were aided by conservative Moroccan troops that also opposed the leftist government in Madrid. The Republican government learned of the revolt soon after it broke out but took few actions to prevent its spread to the mainland.
On July 18, Spanish garrisons rose up in revolt all across Spain. Workers and peasants fought the uprising, but in many cities the Republican government denied them weapons, and the Nationalists soon gained control. The Nationalist revolt in the Spanish navy largely failed, and warships run by committees of sailors were instrumental in securing a number of coastal cities for the Republic.
Nevertheless, Franco managed to ferry his Army of Africa over from Morocco, and during the next few months Nationalist forces rapidly overran much of the Republican-controlled areas in central and northern Spain. Madrid was put under siege in November. Germany and Italy aided Franco with an abundance of planes, tanks, and arms, while the Soviet Union aided the Republican side.
The most significant contribution of these foreign units was the successful defense of Madrid until the end of the war. Later in the year, Franco mounted a major offensive against Catalonia. In January , its capital, Barcelona, was captured, and soon after, the rest of Catalonia fell. With the Republican cause all but lost, its leaders attempted to negotiate a peace, but Franco refused. Up to a million lives were lost in the conflict, the most devastating in Spanish history.
Franco subsequently served as dictator of Spain until his death in But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! On July 18, , the year-old actress Rebecca Schaeffer is murdered at her Los Angeles home by Robert John Bardo, a mentally unstable man who had been stalking her. On July 18, , new close-up videotapes of the sunken ocean liner Titanic are released to the public.
Kennedy escaped the submerged car, but his passenger, year-old Mary Jo Kopechne, did not. Today's the day! Today's the day you'll learn to say what day it is in Spanish.
Whether you're learning Spanish for fun, for work, or for some other reason, chances are sooner or later you'll find yourself in a situation where you need to say or understand a date. It could happen while you're writing an email for work or while you're planning a trip. Whatever the situation, you are going to want to make sure you get it right, so it's time to review the basics and avoid any possible misunderstandings.
Before getting into the structure of Spanish dates, there is some vocabulary you'll need to review, and going over the days of the week is a good place to start:. All the days in Spanish are masculine so, when necessary, pair them with "el". For example, if you want to tell your friend you will see her on Sunday, you should say:. Keep in mind that neither days nor months are capitalized in Spanish unless starting a sentence or in other appropriate circumstances.
But what about writing dates in long form? Fortunately, this isn't too complicated. Spanish uses the preposition "de" between the day and the month and "del" a combination of "de" and the article "el" to join the month and the year.
If you want to mention the day of the week, you simply write it before the date. Take a look at some examples:. Notice how the last date uses "de" instead of "del" before the year.
This is because, with dates prior to the year , "de" is often preferred. Saying the date in Spanish is not much different from writing it. Once again, you will use "de" and "del" before the month and the year, but this time you will need to know how to read the numbers.
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